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|subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = San Diego |established_title = Incorporated |established_date = July 16, 1952 |government_type = Council–manager |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Matt Hall |unit_pref = US |area_footnotes = |area_total_sq_mi = 39.110 |area_total_km2 = 101.295 |area_land_sq_mi = 37.722 |area_land_km2 = 97.699 |area_water_sq_mi = 1.388 |area_water_km2 = 3.596 |area_water_percent = 3.55 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_ft = 52 |elevation_m = 16 |population_as_of = April 1, 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_total = 105328 |pop_est_as_of = 2014 |pop_est_footnotes = |population_est = 112299 |population_rank = 5th in San Diego County 55th in California |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = Pacific |utc_offset = −8 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = −7 |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 92008–92011, 92018 |area_code_type = Area codes |area_code = 442/760 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = |blank1_name = GNIS feature IDs |blank1_info = , |blank2_name = City flower |blank2_info = Bird‐of‐paradise |website = }} Carlsbad is an affluent seaside resort city occupying a stretch of Pacific coastline in northern San Diego County, California. The city is south of Los Angeles and north of downtown San Diego and is part of the San Diego-Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Referred to as "The Village by the Sea" by locals, the city is a tourist destination. The city's estimated 2014 population was 112,299.〔 ==History== Carlsbad's history begins with the Luiseño people (the Spanish name given to them because of their proximity to Mission San Luis Rey). Nearly every reliable fresh water creek had at least one native village, including one called Palamai.〔( Mary Robbins-Wade, COASTAL LUISENO: REFINING THE SAN LUIS REY COMPLEX, Articles of the SCA Proceedings, Volume 1, Society for California Archaeology, 1988, p.75 "The site is located within Luiseno territory according to ethnographic maps by Kroeber(1925), White(1963), and True, Meighan, and Crew(1974). The site and nearby satellites may be the village of Palamai, mapped by Kroeber(1925)." )〕 The site is located just south of today's Agua Hedionda Lagoon.〔 The first European land exploration of Alta California, the Spanish Portolà expedition of 1769, met native villagers while camped on Buena Vista Creek. During the Mexican period, in 1842, the southern portion of Carlsbad, was granted as Rancho Agua Hedionda to Juan María Marrón. In the 1880s a former sailor named John Frazier dug a well in the area. He began offering his water at the train station and soon the whistle-stop became known as Frazier's Station. A test done on a second fresh-water well discovered the water to be chemically similar to that found in some of the most renowned spas in the world, and the town was named after the famed Spa in the Bohemian town of Karlsbad in Czech Republic.〔(City of Carlsbad - History of Carlsbad ), retrieved March 1, 2012.〕 To take advantage of the find, the Carlsbad Land and Mineral Water Company was formed by a German-born merchant from the Midwest named Gerhard Schutte together with Samuel Church Smith, D. D. Wadsworth and Henry Nelson. The naming of the town followed soon after, along with a major marketing campaign to attract visitors. The area experienced a period of growth, with homes and businesses sprouting up in the 1880s. Agricultural development of citrus fruits, avocados and olives soon changed the landscape. By the end of 1887, land prices fell throughout San Diego County. However, the community survived on the back of its fertile agricultural lands. The site of John Frazier's original well can still be found at ''Alt Karlsbad,'' a replica of a German Hanseatic house, located on Carlsbad Boulevard. In 1952, Carlsbad was incorporated to avoid annexation by its neighbor, Oceanside.〔(The Battle for Incorporation ), at the (Carlsbad Historical Society ), retrieved January 12, 2014.〕 The single-runway Palomar Airport opened in 1959 after County of San Diego officials decided to replace the Del Mar Airport. The airport was annexed to the City of Carlsbad in (1978 ) and renamed McClellan-Palomar Airport in 1982 after a local civic leader, George McClellan. The first modern skateboard park, Carlsbad Skatepark, was built in March 1976. It was located on the grounds of Carlsbad Raceway and was designed and built by inventors Jack Graham and John O'Malley. The site of the original Carlsbad Skatepark and Carlsbad Raceway was demolished in 2005 and is now an Industrial Park.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】website=Save Carlsbad Raceway )〕 However, two skateparks have since been developed. In March 1999, the LEGOLAND California Resort was opened. It was the first Legoland theme park outside of Europe and is currently operated by Merlin Entertainments. Merlin Entertainments owns 70 percent of the shares, and the remaining 30 percent is owned by the LEGO group and Kirkbi A/S.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.lego.com/en-GB/aboutus/news-room/2005/july/lego-group-in-partnership-with-merlin-entertainments )〕 Carlsbad is home to the nation's largest desalination plant. Construction of the $1 billion Carlsbad Desalination Plant at the Encina Power Plant is scheduled for completion in 2016. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carlsbad, California」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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